{"id":12556,"date":"2018-11-20T10:44:10","date_gmt":"2018-11-20T09:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/informacje\/system-wychowawczy\/"},"modified":"2019-07-01T13:31:28","modified_gmt":"2019-07-01T11:31:28","slug":"education-system","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/informacje\/education-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Education system"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1530965056405{padding-top: 60px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1530965062953{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Janusz Korczak &#8211; Education system&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1561980683496{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">Janusz Korczak was the precursor of the fight for children\u2019s rights. He considered a child to be a human being of standard value from the moment of birth through successive stages of its life. Everyone has the right to be themselves. He formulated his educational views in numerous articles and pedagogical works, among others, <i>How to Love a Child<\/i> [<i>Jak kocha\u0107 dziecko<\/i>], <i>The child\u2019s right to respect<\/i> [<i>Prawo dziecka do szacunku<\/i>], <i>Educational Moments<\/i> [<i>Momenty wychowawcze<\/i>], <i>The Rules of Life<\/i> [<i>Prawid\u0142a \u017cycia<\/i>], <i>Playful pedagogy<\/i> [<i>Pedagogika \u017cartobliwa<\/i>].<br \/>\nAccording to Korczak, upbringing is first of all care, defence, the duty to protect children from the weaknesses of the surrounding world. He drew attention to the lack of a clear division between upbringing and care. The main goal in Korczak\u2019s education system is to strive for self-education. He was an opponent of the education system based on coercion and rigid principles, strict discipline, and ruled out corporal punishment. According to Korczak, upbringing was supposed to be a creative process of constant search for own effective forms and methods.<br \/>\nKorczak proposed a system of encouragement towards the child, while he was guided by basic pedagogical principles:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">co-management \u2013 involving the introduction of the Local Government Council, the Peer Court and the Parliament of <i>Dom Sierot<\/i>. Through these children\u2019s institutions Korczak gave children the right to communicate with adults in order to establish common rules governing life at <i>Dom Sierot<\/i>,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">co-hosting \u2013 involving self-service of pupils through the on-call system, which operated at <i>Dom Sierot<\/i>,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">influence of public opinion \u2013 it manifested itself in reflections on what duty to entrust to whom, in plebiscites of kindness, court judgements.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">Janusz Korczak applied the innovative education system in his own educational practice at <i>Dom Sierot<\/i>, at <i>Nasz Dom<\/i> and on summer camps. His educational techniques include self-control and self-esteem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Korczak\u2019s educational methods:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">a peer court with a code of forgiveness. The code was the \u201ccornerstone\u201d of Korczak\u2019s upbringing. The court was supposed to overcome negative ways of children\u2019s behaviour and seek to correct them, as well as inspire children,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">the local government council was responsible for meeting the needs of co-residents in connection with requests, petitions and regulated cooperation between children and adults,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">children\u2019s parliament \u2013 the most important institution of children\u2019s self-government, its task was: confirming or rejecting rights established by the self-government council, making decisions on holidays and important events at <i>Dom Sierot<\/i>,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">plebiscite of kindness and animosity (+ meant \u201clike\u201d, &#8211; meant \u201cdon\u2019t like\u201d, 0 \u2013 \u201cis indifferent to me\u201d) used among pupils,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">a board for communication with children, on which all notices, announcements and orders were posted. It forced the educator to think about every undertaking, protected against hasty oral decisions, and taught the children patience while waiting for decisions,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">the children\u2019s newspaper <i>Little Review<\/i> taught planned work, boldness in expressing one\u2019s beliefs,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">the children\u2019s on-call system included: cleaning work, kitchen work, helping the weaker ones, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">the \u201cwardrobe\u201d of things found, where such things as a \u201cbook found on the table\u201d were placed,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">a shop that issues certain items free of charge at a certain time of day,<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\">a letterbox where children put letters with questions, requests, complaints.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">An important role in Korczak\u2019s upbringing system was played by a guardian \u2013 an educator. A good educator must first get to know himself\/herself before he\/she wants to get to know the children. The educator should be characterised by diligence, ongoing and constant getting to know the child and understand the child\u2019s world. The educator should put into practice the child\u2019s right to be a child, the child\u2019s right to respect. The primary task of the guardian-educator is to support the development of the child. Korczak made children co-responsible for the outcome of upbringing, putting them on an equal footing with adults. He emphasised the mutual influence of children and adults on each other. He drew attention to the important role of parents in the upbringing process and appealed to them to be more interested in the experiences of their children.<br \/>\nThanks to innovative educational methods, <i>Nasz Dom<\/i> and <i>Dom Sierot<\/i> became real homes for orphaned and abandoned children. It replaced a family home to them. Korczak\u2019s educational system was applied in Poland, Israel and many other countries. Korczak himself became a pioneer and creator of a new direction in childcare pedagogy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">Bibliography:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"ol1\">\n<li class=\"li1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">W. Oko\u0144, <i>Wizerunki s\u0142awnych pedagog\u00f3w polskich<\/i>, Warsaw 1993.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">M. Falkowska, <i>My\u015bl pedagogiczna Janusz Korczak \u2013 Nowe \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a<\/i>, Warsaw 1983.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">A. Szl\u0105zakowa, <i>Janusz Korczak w legendzie poetyckiej<\/i>, Warsaw 1992.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11483,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","class_list":["post-12556","portfolio","type-portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/12556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12556"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}