{"id":12491,"date":"2018-11-13T15:21:04","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T14:21:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/informacje\/opor-i-powstanie\/"},"modified":"2019-07-18T09:58:57","modified_gmt":"2019-07-18T07:58:57","slug":"resistance-and-uprising","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/informacje\/resistance-and-uprising\/","title":{"rendered":"Resistance and uprising"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1530965056405{padding-top: 60px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1530965062953{padding-bottom: 40px !important;}”][vc_custom_heading text=”Treblinka II – Resistance and uprising” font_container=”tag:h3|text_align:left” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

The camp staff was afraid of the resistance of the people brought to Treblinka. Reinforced precautions had already been taken at the Treblinka railway station. However, there were incidents. There are no materials to indicate the number of these events.<\/span><\/p>\n

The prisoners realised that working only for a short time prolongs their lives. The only effective weapon was escape. Not many managed to do so. Actually, there were only two ways. Either a prisoner escaped from the unit that worked outside the camp or left hidden in a freight wagon with garments. Some of them tried to get out with the underground tunnel. Unfortunately, the escape was unsuccessful. All those who undertook the escape and were caught, were killed, often in great tortures. The prisoners from a given unit were punished for successful escapes. Usually 10 people were shot for one fugitive.<\/span><\/p>\n

The prisoners in the camp knew that the only way out was an armed uprising, because then they would either die in battle or escape. A secret organisation was founded, first in camp 1, then in camp 2. |The prisoners formed \u201cfives\u201d \u2013 groups of 5 people each, and if possible, they gathered blunt tools, wooden boards and pegs needed to push through the wire fence, as well as petrol to set the buildings on fire.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the beginning of 1943, the Organising Committee was set up, who after many defeats (typhus epidemic, failure to acquire weapons by bribery of watchmen) prepared the uprising. The committee also included Jews who survived the Warsaw ghetto uprising and were brought to Treblinka in April and May. Its members included: Zelomir Bloch, Rudolf Masaryk, Marceli Galewski, Sudowicz, Salzburg, Samuel Rajman, Julian Chor\u0105\u017cycki, Irena Lewkowska, Mon\u011bk, Leon Haberman, Lubling, Zeichet.<\/span><\/p>\n

In camp 2, the Organising Committee collected 10-12 people and was operating probably since March 1943. The resistance group in camp 2 was initially formed independently, but in April 1943 Bloch was transferred there and took the lead.<\/span><\/p>\n

In July 1943, the burning of the excavated corpses was basically completed. The transports came less and less frequently and the prisoners feared that the liquidation would take place any day. The formation of a secret organisation was possible due to a smaller rotation of prisoners, when their personal status stabilised. The staff assured the prisoners that they would stay alive if they worked well.<\/span><\/p>\n

The plan of the uprising was to steal weapons and ammunition from the guardhouse, set fire to all camp structures, and attack the occupants by the prisoners from camps 1 and 2. It was planned to kill as many guards as possible, to carry out a mass escape of inmates and after crossing the Bug river with survivors\u2019 groups to join partisans in the forest of Bia\u0142ystok. The prisoners counted on the help of about 400 detainees from the penal labour camp, who were returning on railway platforms from the railway station in Ma\u0142kinia and were driving past the death camp at about 4 p.m. In case of full success, the plan was to attack the crew of the labour camp, release the prisoners and burn down the buildings.<\/span><\/p>\n

The uprising broke out on 2 August 1943 in the afternoon. It was Monday, a day off. There were no transports on Mondays.<\/span><\/p>\n

Before 4 p.m., the conspirators had stolen weapons, ammunition and grenades from the guardhouse, with a key that had been duplicated earlier. The action had to start before the scheduled time, because SS officer Kurt K\u00fcttner found gold on one of the prisoners who was involved in the preparation of the uprising, and began the investigation immediately. The conspirators were surprised by the situation and decided to act at once. There was a chaotic shooting, some buildings were set ablaze, and Stanislaus Lichtblau from Moravian Ostrava, employed in the garage and who was nicknamed \u201cStanda\u201d, blew up a tank of petrol. However, the destruction of gas chambers failed and the telephone line was not interrupted. The biggest attack was at the main gate, which was broke through after suffering heavy losses. Several kilometres away, a black column of smoke could be seen above the camp. From the commandant\u2019s office Stangl managed to establish contact with units stationed nearby. The occupants from Ma\u0142kinia, Soko\u0142\u00f3w Podlaski, Kos\u00f3w Lacki, Ostr\u00f3w Mazowiecka rushed to help. In total, hundreds of people were chasing the fleeing Jews. The uprising lasted 20-30 minutes, of which shooting continued for about 10 minutes.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the day of the uprising there were 840 prisoners in the camp, of which 105 did not participate in the uprising at all \u2013 they were mentally tired and resigned people. It is assumed that only about 200 people managed to get out of the camp and escaped the chase. Of this number, at most 100 people survived the war. After the Red Army occupied these areas, about 40 survivors were found, some of whom hid in the surrounding forests. The first meeting of the former prisoners of Treblinka II took place on 21 January 1945 on the initiative of the Central Jewish Historical Commission. It was probably then that the Treblinka Former Prisoners\u2019 Circle was formed, who held a meeting on 15 July 1945 in the apartment of Oskar Strawczy\u0144ski, a former prisoner of the extermination camp. The meeting was attended by 15 prisoners from the extermination camp and 3 prisoners from the labour camp.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are no reliable data on the casualties among SS-officers and Ukrainians, and the reports on this issue are contradictory. Most probably there were no Germans among the fatalities.<\/span><\/p>\n

The uprising in Treblinka echoed loudly. The underground press widely commented on this event, including Informacja Bie\u017c\u0105ca<\/i> No. 32 (105) of 18 August 1943.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]List of prisoners who survived the Extermination Camp Treblinka II:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Augustyniak Czes\u0142aw<\/li>\n
  2. Berkowicz Jechiel<\/li>\n
  3. Berman Minia<\/li>\n
  4. Ber\u017cer Oskar<\/li>\n
  5. Bomba Abraham<\/li>\n
  6. Boraks Gustav<\/li>\n
  7. Brener Henoch<\/li>\n
  8. Ciechanowski Cham<\/li>\n
  9. Ciechanowski Leizer<\/li>\n
  10. Czarny Josef<\/li>\n
  11. Czechowicz Baron<\/li>\n
  12. Cymlich Israel<\/li>\n
  13. Diament Nachman<\/li>\n
  14. Domb Jakob<\/li>\n
  15. Duszkiewicz Berl<\/li>\n
  16. Jakob\/Jankiel Eisner\/Ejzner<\/li>\n
  17. Epstein Pinchas<\/li>\n
  18. Finkelstein Leon<\/li>\n
  19. Finkelsztejn Hersz<\/li>\n
  20. Gelbard Aron<\/li>\n
  21. Glazar Richard<\/li>\n
  22. Goldberg Szymon<\/li>\n
  23. Goldfarb Abraham<\/li>\n
  24. Go\u0142aszewski Zenon<\/li>\n
  25. Gosty\u0144ski Zygmunt<\/li>\n
  26. Grabinski Sonia<\/li>\n
  27. Grinberg Tanhum<\/li>\n
  28. Grinsbach Eliahu<\/li>\n
  29. Gross Yosef<\/li>\n
  30. Grynszpan Szymon (Treblinka I)<\/li>\n
  31. Gutman J\u00f3zef<\/li>\n
  32. Helfand Adam<\/li>\n
  33. Jakubowicz Jacob<\/li>\n
  34. Jak\u00f3bskind Lejzer<\/li>\n
  35. Jankowski Kalman<\/li>\n
  36. Kelin Judah<\/li>\n
  37. Kohn \/Kon Shalom \/Stanis\u0142aw<\/li>\n
  38. Kon Abe<\/li>\n
  39. Koszycki Jacob<\/li>\n
  40. Krawiec Ka\u0142men<\/li>\n
  41. Kudlik Arie \/Alexander<\/li>\n
  42. Lachman<\/li>\n
  43. Laks Moszek \/Mietek<\/li>\n
  44. Lewi Leon<\/li>\n
  45. Lewkowicz Sonia<\/li>\n
  46. Lindwasser Abraham<\/li>\n
  47. Luck Moshe<\/li>\n
  48. Markus<\/li>\n
  49. Miedzi\u0144ski Szmul<\/li>\n
  50. Mitelberg M.<\/li>\n
  51. Myd\u0142o Moj\u017cesz<\/li>\n
  52. M\u00fcller Jakub<\/li>\n
  53. Pacanowski Moshe<\/li>\n
  54. Petakowski Marek<\/li>\n
  55. Perelsztejn Leon<\/li>\n
  56. Platkiewicz Maniek<\/li>\n
  57. Porzeczki Moshe<\/li>\n
  58. Posowalski \/Pazovalski Henryk<\/li>\n
  59. Henryk Rajchman \/Yechiel M. Reichman<\/li>\n
  60. Rajgrodzki Jerzy \/Georg<\/li>\n
  61. Rajzman Samuel\/Szmuel<\/li>\n
  62. Rak Meir<\/li>\n
  63. Rappaport Moshe<\/li>\n
  64. Rojtman<\/li>\n
  65. Rojzman Berek<\/li>\n
  66. Rosenberg Ela\/<\/li>\n
  67. Eliahu<\/li>\n
  68. Shneiderman Wolf<\/li>\n
  69. Siedlecki Joseph<\/li>\n
  70. Strawczy\u0144ski Oscar<\/li>\n
  71. Sperling Henryk\/Hersz\/Henry<\/li>\n
  72. Srawczy\u0144ski Zygmunt<\/li>\n
  73. Sukno Bronka<\/li>\n
  74. Szejnberg Wolf<\/li>\n
  75. Szmulewicz Jacob<\/li>\n
  76. Sztajer Haim<\/li>\n
  77. Taigman Kalman<\/li>\n
  78. Tobiasz Mieczys\u0142aw<\/li>\n
  79. Turowski Eugeniusz<\/li>\n
  80. Unger Karel (Charles)<\/li>\n
  81. Warszawski Szyja<\/li>\n
  82. Wasser<\/li>\n
  83. Weinstein Eddi<\/li>\n
  84. Wiernik Jankiel<\/li>\n
  85. Willenberg Samuel<\/li>\n
  86. Ziegelman<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Source<\/span><\/span>: A. Donat, The death camp Treblinka.<\/p>\n

    A\u00a0documentary<\/em>, New York 1979, s. 279\u2013291, A. Bombe(a), Moja ucieczka z Treblinki<\/em>, [w:] Tam by\u0142 kiedy\u015b m\u00f3j dom … Ksi\u0119gi pami\u0119ci gmin \u017cydowskich<\/em>. Lublin 2009, s.427 – 431. Eddi Weinstein, 17 dni w Treblince<\/em>, \u0141osice 2008, s.47. Ustalenia Edwarda Kop\u00f3wki oraz Aliny Skibi\u0144skiej.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11481,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","class_list":["post-12491","portfolio","type-portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-oboz-en","portfolio_category-treblinka-2-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio\/12491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12491"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/muzeumtreblinka.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}